|
Bilabial |
Labiodental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Postalveolar |
Retroflex |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Pharyngeal |
Glottal |
Plosive |
p b |
|
t̪ d̪ |
t d |
ṯ ḏ |
ʈ ɖ |
c ɟ |
k g |
q g |
|
ʔ |
Nasal |
m̥ m |
ɱ̊ ɱ |
n̪̊ n̪ |
n̥ n |
ṉ̊ ṉ |
ɳ̊ ɳ |
ɲ̊ ɲ |
ŋ̊ ŋ |
n̥ n |
|
|
Trill |
b̥ b |
|
|
r̥ r |
|
|
|
|
r̥ r |
|
|
Tap / Flap |
|
ⱱ̥ ⱱ |
|
ɾ̥ ɾ |
|
ɽ̊ ɽ |
|
|
|
|
|
Fricative |
ɸ β |
f v |
θ ð |
s z |
ʃ ʒ |
ʂ ʐ |
ç ʝ |
x ɣ |
χ ʁ |
ħ ʕ |
h ɦ |
Lateral Fricative |
|
|
|
ɬ ɮ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approximant |
|
ʋ̥ ʋ |
|
ɹ̥ ɹ |
|
ɻ̊ ɻ |
ȷ̊ j |
ɰ̊ ɰ |
|
|
|
Lateral Approximant |
|
|
|
l̥ l |
|
ɭ̊ ɭ |
ʎ̥ ʎ |
l̥ l |
|
|
|
Labial Approximant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɥ̊ ɥ |
ʍ w |
|
|
|
Affricate |
p͡ɸ b͡β |
p͡f b͡v |
t̪͡θ d̪͡ð |
t͡s d͡z |
t͡ʃ d͡ʒ |
ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ |
c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ |
k͡x g͡ɣ |
q͡χ g͡ʁ |
|
|
Click |
ʘ ʘ̬ |
|
ǀ ǀ̬ |
ǁ ǁ̬ |
ǃ ǃ̬ |
|
ǂ ǂ̬ |
|
|
|
|
Implosive |
ɓ̥ ɓ |
|
|
ɗ̥ ɗ |
|
|
ʄ̊ ʄ |
ɠ̊ ɠ |
ʛ̥ ʛ |
|
|
Ejective |
pʼ p̬ʼ |
|
t̪ʼ t̪̬ʼ |
tʼ t̬ʼ |
ṯʼ ṯ̬ʼ |
ʈʼ ʈ̬ʼ |
cʼ c̬ʼ |
kʼ k̬ʼ |
qʼ q̬ʼ |
|
|
|
Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
High |
i |
y |
|
|
ɨ |
ʉ |
|
|
ɯ |
u |
Near-High |
|
|
i |
y |
|
|
|
ʊ |
|
|
Mid-High |
e |
ø |
|
|
ɘ |
ɵ |
|
|
ɤ |
o |
Mid |
|
|
|
|
ə |
|
|
|
|
|
Mid-Low |
ɛ |
œ |
|
|
ɜ |
ɞ |
|
|
ʌ |
ɔ |
Near-Low |
|
|
æ |
|
ɐ |
|
|
|
|
|
Low |
|
|
|
|
a |
œ |
|
|
ɑ |
ɒ |